ABSTRACT
Yellow Fever (YF) is a viral arbovirosis of Public Health importance. In Brazil, surveillance is focused mainly on detecting epizootic events of Platyrrhini. Herein, we compared the detection and phylogenetic analysis of YF virus in two neotropical primates (NTP), a Callithrix detected in the previous epidemic period (2016-2020), and a Callicebus nigrifons, showing a new introduction of YF in 2023. This paper illustrates the importance of joint actions of laboratory and field teams to ensure quick response to Public Health emergencies, such as the intensification of vaccination of susceptible human populations.
Subject(s)
Yellow Fever , Yellow fever virus , Animals , Humans , Yellow fever virus/genetics , Phylogeny , Brazil/epidemiology , Yellow Fever/epidemiology , Yellow Fever/prevention & control , Callithrix , Disease OutbreaksABSTRACT
Yellow fever (YF) surveillance in Brazil is focused mainly on the detection of epizootic events regarding New World non-human primates (NWNHP). We present a challenging case of a Callitrichidae (Callithrix spp) kept as a domiciliated pet that lived in the urban area of São Paulo municipality and was positive to YF virus by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. After investigation, it was the first occurrence of non-autochthonous YF case of NWNHP described, with probable place of infection in the North shore of São Paulo state. This case illustrates the importance of coordinated laboratorial and field actions, and risks posed by transit of wildlife.
Subject(s)
Callithrix/virology , Yellow Fever/veterinary , Animals , Male , Yellow Fever/diagnosis , Yellow fever virus/genetics , Yellow fever virus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Yellow fever (YF) surveillance in Brazil is focused mainly on the detection of epizootic events regarding New World non-human primates (NWNHP). We present a challenging case of a Callitrichidae (Callithrix spp) kept as a domiciliated pet that lived in the urban area of São Paulo municipality and was positive to YF virus by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. After investigation, it was the first occurrence of non-autochthonous YF case of NWNHP described, with probable place of infection in the North shore of São Paulo state. This case illustrates the importance of coordinated laboratorial and field actions, and risks posed by transit of wildlife.
Subject(s)
Primates , Yellow Fever , Callitrichinae , Urban Area , PetsABSTRACT
After detecting the death of Howlers monkeys (genus Alouatta) and isolation of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Buri county, São Paulo, Brazil, an entomological research study in the field was started. A YFV strain was isolated from newborn Swiss mice and cultured cells of Aedes albopictus - C6/36, from a pool of six Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Hg. leucocelaenus) mosquitoes (Dyar & Shannon) collected at the study site. Virus RNA fragment was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The MCC Tree generated showed that the isolated strain is related to the South American I genotype, in a monophyletic clade containing isolates from recent 2008-2010 epidemics and epizootics in Brazil. Statistical analysis commonly used were calculated to characterize the sample in relation to diversity and dominance and indicated a pattern of dominance of one or a few species. Hg. leucocelaenus was found infected in Rio Grande do Sul State as well. In São Paulo State, this is the first detection of YFV in Hg. leucocelaenus.
Subject(s)
Culicidae/virology , Insect Vectors/virology , RNA, Viral/analysis , Yellow fever virus/isolation & purification , Alouatta , Animals , Brazil , Culicidae/classification , Insect Vectors/classification , Mice , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Yellow Fever/transmission , Yellow fever virus/geneticsABSTRACT
After detecting the death of Howlers monkeys (genus Alouatta) and isolation of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Buri county, São Paulo, Brazil, an entomological research study in the field was started. A YFV strain was isolated from newborn Swiss mice and cultured cells of Aedes albopictus - C6/36, from a pool of six Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Hg. leucocelaenus) mosquitoes (Dyar & Shannon) collected at the study site. Virus RNA fragment was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The MCC Tree generated showed that the isolated strain is related to the South American I genotype, in a monophyletic clade containing isolates from recent 2008-2010 epidemics and epizootics in Brazil. Statistical analysis commonly used were calculated to characterize the sample in relation to diversity and dominance and indicated a pattern of dominance of one or a few species. Hg. leucocelaenus was found infected in Rio Grande do Sul State as well. In São Paulo State, this is the first detection of YFV in Hg. leucocelaenus.
Após a detecção de morte de macacos Bugios (gênero Alouatta) e isolamento do vírus da Febre Amarela (YFV) no município de Buri, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foi iniciada uma investigação entomológica em campo. Uma cepa de YFV foi isolada em camundongos recém-nascidos e cultura de células de Aedes albopictus - C6/36, a partir de um lote de seis mosquitos Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Hg leucocelaenus) Dyar & Shannon coletados no local de estudo. RNA do vírus foi amplificado por RT-PCR e seqüenciado. A topologia gerada indica que a cepa isolada está relacionada ao genótipo South American I, em clado monofilético englobando isolados recentes de epidemias e epizootias entre 2008 e 2009. Análises estatísticas geralmente usadas caracterizaram a amostra em relação à diversidade e dominância, indicando dominância relativa de uma ou poucas espécies. Hg. leucocelaenus foi detectado infectado também no Rio Grande do Sul. No Estado de São Paulo trata-se da primeira detecção do YFV em Hg leucocelaenus.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Culicidae/virology , Insect Vectors/virology , RNA, Viral/analysis , Yellow fever virus/isolation & purification , Alouatta , Brazil , Culicidae/classification , Insect Vectors/classification , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Yellow Fever/transmission , Yellow fever virus/geneticsABSTRACT
O controle da Leishmaniose Visceral Americana (LVA) está fundamentado no combate ao vetor e na eliminaçäo do reservatório doméstico da área de foco - 200 metros em torno do caso humano ou canino. Tem como objetivo discutir a utilizaçäo de técnicas de análise espacial na vigilância epidemiológica da LVA no Município de Araçatuba, Säo Paulo, buscando estabelecer um modelo de vigilância epidemiológica em base territorial, redirecionando as estratégias de controle atualmente adotadas. Verificou-se que a transmissäo da LVA näo foi homogênea no município: a transmissäo humana ocorreu nas áreas com maiores taxas de prevalência canina. A dispersäo do vetor parece restrita a poucos domicílios, embora näo tenha sido possível estabelecer um perfil da densidade vetorial. Visando estudar a distribuiçäo do vetor e variáveis correlacionadas está sendo realizado estudo de campo por amostragem de domicílios, que permitirá o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas de análise espacial e, possivelmente, permitirá o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas de análise espacial e, possivelmente, permitirá redefinir as propostas de controle da endemia em ambiente urbano.
